Notes

4 stages in a plot:  
1. exposition: sets story in motion
2. complications (rising action)
3. climax
4. resolution (usually ties up loose ends, if not then it is to show complexity of life)

Modernism: the literary study that has a radical break with literary forms of the past in the experimental style of writing prevalent between WWI and WWII. Traditional forms of art were rejected and the idea of "make it new" resounded with artists and playing with form, language, and self-centrism. (i.e.: lost generation)

Post-Modernism: the literary study that turned away from modernism, emphasizing the lack of profundity - nothing can be recognized as inherently significant. Replacement of high culture for popular culture. Art is a recycling of culture authenticity by audience.

Modernization: industrial process often associated with "westernization"

Scientific Rationalism: end of 19th century belief that scientific knowledge makes the universe more rational and predictable (modernism refutes this).

Dadaism: cultural movement raised during WWI, primarily in visual arts, anti-war, anti art. example: Hannah Hoch-random images in her art, supposed to be confusing (different heads on different bodies, absence of logic and reason).

Realism: literary movement that depicts subjects as they appear in everyday life

Surrealism: feature juxtaposition of elements (element of surprise), developed out of the Dada movement (i.e.: Salvador Dali).

Round Character: well developed, closely involved and responsive to the action in the story
Flat Character: barely developed, stereotypical

Dynamic Character: grow/change throughout the story, developing as they react to events/other characters
Static Character: face same challenges as dynamic characters but remain unchanged

Round=Dynamic, Flat=Static

Foil: supporting character whose role in story is to highlight major character by presenting contrast with him/her

Universal or Archetypal Symbols: such as a circle, storm, heart, means the same to most people
Conventional Symbols: also likely to mean the same thing to people within a common culture (a cross)
Literary Symbols: be universal and conventional however they represent an important point the author is trying to make

Omniscient Narrator: all knowing tellers of story
Objective Narrator: outside of characters minds, do not reveal characters thoughts and attitudes